التعويضات السنية Prosthodontics وتشمل
الجسور الثابتة Fixed bridges والزرعات Implants
الطقوم الكاملة المتحركة removable complete denture
الطقوم الجزئية المتحركة removable partial denture
معالجة و إصلاح الأسنان Operative Dentistry وتشمل:
تشخيص تسوس الأسنان caries diagnosis
الوقايه والحد من انتشار تسوس الاسنان management of dental caries
تبييض الأسنان Dentalbleaching
تجميل الأسنان cosmetic dentistry
حشوات الأسنان Dental Fillings
معالجة لب الأسنان Endodontics
معالجة الأسنان المجهرية microscopic endodontics
طب الأسنان الوقائي Preventive Dentistry
تقويم الأسنان Orthodontics
جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
طب أسنان الأطفال Pedodontics
أمراض اللثة
أمراض الأنسجة المحيطة بالأسنان Periodontics
زراعة الأسنان Dental Implantology
أشعة الأسنان Dental Radiology
طب الأسنان الشرعي Forensic Dentistry
طب الفم Oral Medicine
أمراض الفم Oral Pathology
أنسجة الفم والأسنان Oral Histology
المادة السنية Dental material
تشريح الأسنانDental anatomy
مواضيع متعلقة بطب الأسنان
طب الأسنان للرضع
جراحة الأسنان
أسنان
طقم أسنان
طب الاسنان في الاردن
طب الأسنان في جميع أنحاء العالم

ENDODONTICS Fifth Edition

JOHN I. INGLE, DDS, MSD
Lecturer, Department of Endodontics
Loma Linda University School of Dentistry
Formerly Dean and Professor of Endodontics and Periodontics
School of Dentistry
University of Southern California
Formerly Professor and Chairman of Endodontics and Periodontics
School of Dentistry, University of Washington
Diplomate, American Board of Endodontics and American Board of Periodontology
Seattle,Washington
LEIF K. BAKLAND, DDS
Professor and Chairman, Department of Endodontics
Associate Dean, Advanced Education
Loma Linda University School of Dentistry
Diplomate, American Board of Endodontics
Loma Linda, California

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
A number of years ago, I (JII) served on a committee to select a new dean for a school
of medicine. The committee was made up mostly of physicians. I was the only dentist.
The meeting started in the traditional way - each participant stating their name and specialty.
When it came to my turn, I gave my specialty as endodontics.
“Endodontics,” said the neurosurgeon, “What in the world is endodontics?”
“Endodontics,” I explained, “deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the
dental pulp.” “You mean inside the tooth?” he inquired. “I guess you could say that.” I
answered. He uttered an expletive and declared that endodontics had to be the ultimate
in limited specialties.
Over the years I've thought many times of this encounter. How could one write 900
pages about the inside of the tooth? And yet, we have. Because it deserves it!
We have realized for a long time that one person could not be an expert in all phases of
this limited, yet demanding discipline. For that reason we have mustered an assembly of
world experts, each enjoying an international reputation in their particular area of
expertise, be it microanatomy, pathology, pharmacology, microbiology, radiography,
anesthesiology, pain management, canal preparation and obturation, trauma, surgery,
bleaching, pediatric endodontics, whatever.
We are very proud of our contributing authors, and to them we owe an endearing debt
of gratitude. And you~ the reader should as well, for they bring you the finest, stated
honestly and unsparingly!
Once again, I (JII) acknowledge the genuine assistance and loving care I have received
from my wife of 62 years - Joyce Ingle.How fortunate I have been.And likewise, I (LKB)
thank my wife. Grete, for her understanding when I spent numerous hours reading and
writing.
At Loma Linda University, we wish to express our gratitude to the individuals who
helped with the graphics: Richard Tinker and Richard Cross. and the secretaries who so
carefully worked on the text: Luci Denger, Dawn Pellerin, and Marjorie Sweet.Without
their care and dedication, this book would still be just a dream.
At the University of Southern California, we gratefully acknowledge the expertise of
Frank Mason, Associate Professor and Director of the School of Dentistry library and
his associates.
Special thanks to Ron and Mary Prottsman for their wonderful indexes.
In addition, we are indebted to Brian Decker, Peggy Dalling and the entire team at BC
Decker Inc for their hard work involved in the preparation of this material.
vi
This book was begun at Snee-oosh Beach, a quiet retreat overlooking Puget Sound and
the San Juan Islands.At Snee-oosh it is possible to escape from complex civilization, and
to concentrate upon the job at hand—writing a text.
Hard by Snee-oosh is an old Indian trail called PULL AND BE DAMNED ROAD. One
can hardly imagine a more fitting location while writing a text on the pulpless tooth than
nearby PULL AND BE DAMNED ROAD, for “Pull and be damned” could well be the
motto of the dental profession from its inception.
PULL AND BE DAMNED ROAD goes down to the shores of Skagit Bay an inside passage
of the gentle Pacific leading ominously to DECEPTION PASS. This delusive inlet
which 50 easily deceived the early explorers reminds us how our profession has practiced
self-deception over the years. Unfortunately, many pass into the “pull and be
damned”' deceptive phase of dental practice, never to return.
Inside DECEPTION PASS, however, lies HOPE ISLAND, a symbol of the future. HOPE
we must have, coupled with resolve. HOPE that the future of dentistry will noticeably
improve. HOPE that an enlightened profession will be guided by the concept of retention
and rehabilitation of the dental apparatus. HOPE for the rejection of “oral amputation.”

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